Concentration & Dilution Calculator

Your professional tool for Molarity, Molality, and Dilution.

How to Use the ChemAI Concentration Calculator

Follow these quick steps to compute molarity, molality, dilution ratios, or mass-based concentrations with full working shown below the form.

Select the calculator tab that matches your task (molarity, molality, dilution, mass percent, or ppm).

Enter known values and leave the target field blank. The tool enforces one empty field to solve.

Pick a solute from the dropdown (optional) to auto-fill its molar mass from the ChemAI database.

Click Calculate to get the result, step-by-step explanation, and equivalent units for quick lab usage.

Use Show Steps to reveal each algebraic manipulation for reports or classroom demonstrations.

Supported Units and Conversions

ChemAI automatically performs the following conversions to keep your concentration answers consistent:

Volume: liters (L) and milliliters (mL) with automatic L ↔ mL conversion.

Mass: grams (g), milligrams (mg), micrograms (µg), and kilograms (kg) for solute or total solution mass.

Concentration formats: molarity (mol/L), molality (mol/kg), dilution ratios (M1V1 = M2V2), mass percent (% w/w), and parts per million (ppm/ppb).

For complex stoichiometry or limiting-reagent problems, explore the linked ChemAI learning resources below.

Worked Examples: Molarity, Molality, and Dilution

Example 1: Molarity from mass

Dissolve 5.84 g NaCl (M = 58.44 g/mol) in water and make to 0.500 L. Find molarity.

n = m/M = 5.84 / 58.44 = 0.0999 mol.
Molarity M = n/V = 0.0999 / 0.500 = 0.200 M.

Example 2: Molality from mass of solvent

Add 10.0 g glucose (M = 180.16 g/mol) to 90.0 g water. Find molality (m).

n = 10.0 / 180.16 = 0.0555 mol.
Mass solvent = 0.0900 kg. m = n/kg solvent = 0.0555 / 0.0900 = 0.617 m.

Example 3: Dilution (M₁V₁ = M₂V₂)

Prepare 250 mL of 0.100 M HCl from 2.00 M stock. Find V₁.

V₁ = (M₂V₂)/M₁ = (0.100×0.250)/2.00 = 0.0125 L.
So, measure 12.5 mL of stock and dilute to 250 mL.

Concentration Calculator FAQ

Answers to popular questions from students, researchers, and lab technicians using the ChemAI concentration tools.

When should I choose molarity versus molality?

Molarity (mol/L) is ideal for aqueous solutions where temperature is stable. Molality (mol/kg solvent) stays constant with temperature changes, making it better for experiments involving heating or cooling.

Can I calculate dilution factors for acids and bases?

Yes. Use the dilution tab, enter the stock concentration and volume, then leave the target field blank. The calculator applies M1V1 = M2V2 with automatic unit conversion between liters and milliliters.

How accurate is the molar mass auto-fill?

The preset solute list covers high-usage laboratory reagents and pulls verified molar masses from ChemAI reference data. You can still override the value to match your reagent lot certificate.