Scenario: Titration
You performed 3 titration trials. Enter your rough and two concordant results below.
Equipment Uncertainties
Burette (50 cm³)±0.05 cm³ (×2 readings)
Pipette (25 cm³)±0.06 cm³
Volumetric Flask (250 cm³)±0.20 cm³
🔮 Predict before you calculate
⚠️ Safety & good practice
- In the real titration the acid/alkali are corrosive/irritant — wear goggles, use a pipette filler (never mouth-pipette), and rinse splashes.
- Handle burettes, pipettes and volumetric flasks carefully — glassware breaks and cuts.
- Record every reading to the instrument's resolution (burette to 0.05 cm³) and note the uncertainty before you start.
- Exclude the rough trial and average only concordant titres (within 0.10 cm³) — this reduces random error.
- A small % uncertainty does not prove accuracy: a systematic error (e.g. zero error) can still make a precise result wrong.
Results
Click "Calculate" to analyse your data...
Key Definitions
Accuracy: How close the result is to the true value.
Precision: How close repeated results are to each other.
Random error: Causes scatter in results (e.g., reading meniscus).
Systematic error: Shifts all results by same amount (e.g., zero error).
% uncertainty: (absolute uncertainty / measurement) × 100
Step-by-Step Calculation
Enter data and calculate...