📖 Theory & Concepts

Reactivity Series

Most Reactive
K > Na > Li > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Ni > Sn > Pb > H > Cu > Hg > Ag > Pt > Au
Least Reactive

Metals higher in the series displace metals lower from their salt solutions.

Displacement Reactions

Metal + CuSO₄ + FeSO₄
Zn ✓ Reacts ✓ Reacts
Fe ✓ Reacts ✗ No reaction
Cu ✗ No reaction ✗ No reaction
Did you know? Gold (Au) is so unreactive that ancient gold artifacts remain shiny after thousands of years!

🎯 Aim

To study the relative reactivity of Zn, Fe, Cu, and Al by observing displacement reactions and arrange them in decreasing order.

Theory

A displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution.

A + BC → AC + B
(If A is more reactive than B)
  • Blue CuSO₄ → Green FeSO₄ (with Fe)
  • Blue CuSO₄ → Clear ZnSO₄ (with Zn)
  • Green FeSO₄ → Clear ZnSO₄ (with Zn)

⚠️ Safety

  • Copper sulphate is harmful if swallowed and irritates skin and eyes — wear gloves and never taste any solution.
  • Iron(II), zinc and aluminium sulphate solutions are irritants — rinse splashes off skin with plenty of water.
  • Metal strips can have sharp edges; lower them in with forceps rather than fingers.
  • Copper-bearing waste is toxic to aquatic life — pour used solutions into the labelled heavy-metal waste container, not down the sink.
  • Wear safety goggles and avoid touching your face during the experiment.
Select a salt solution first
Step 1: Choose Salt Solution

Step 2: Add Metal Strip

🔮 Predict Before You Test

Add a salt solution to a tube, then choose a metal strip — you will predict the result before it is immersed.

Observation Log
Select a solution to begin...